Wednesday, March 16, 2011

RG09... Sejarah basikal dari dulu hingga kini...

 

History of bike (28 photos)

Almost all of us as a child riding a bicycle, his or someone else - it does not matter) The fact that all of us bike - it is something pre-existing ones, is absolutely simple mechanism ... But few people think about the history of the bicycle, that when some people could not even dream of such a vehicle ...


There are many theories, is credited with creating a bicycle to different people, from Leonardo da Vinci and ending with a kind of serf Artamonov, granted for his invention of freedom for himself and his entire family, but direct evidence were either not found or eventually were recognized as fakes



The first proven record of invention relates to a bicycle in 1817. Although this was not the bike, but scooter, a small wooden two-wheeled scooter, which its creator, Professor of German Baron Karl von Drezet dubbed a "machine for walking"



But the name is not stuck, and devised Dresen scooter became known as "trolley" in honor of the Baron)



In the UK the same name "trolley" also seemed discordant and the British became known as Scooter Drezet "dandy-horzom") But officially patented his invention Drezet only in 1818, although it was only a first step towards building a bike =)



Another British name slightly redesigned trolleys - a hobby-horz, came into use since 1818



The invention was so unexpected and unusual for its time, which quickly caught on, and nobody even thought to change anything in this simple design, yet in 1839, a Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick Macmillan did not come up with the idea to add to trolley pedals and saddle. True, he joined the pedal to the rear wheel is not familiar to us through a chain mechanism, with the help of ordinary rods and iron bars. In fact MacMillan has created almost a modern bike, but his invention was not widespread and it remains obscure



Soon after, in 1845 an Englishman Thompson created the first inflatable tire, was, however, impractical and technically flawed



The next "step" in the history of the bike occurred in 1862 in France in the town of Nancy, where a local artist to create prams Lalman Pierre, who knew nothing about the invention of Macmillan, has decided to tie the front wheel of the trolley pedal. In 1963, already in Paris, Lalman assembled his first bike



The invention of French industrialists interested in the Lyons brothers Olivier, who teamed up in 1864 with a four-wheel Lalmanom and engineer Pierre Michaud, began mass production of bicycles, differing from the original design of the metal frame, which Michaud was proposed to replace the flimsy wooden equivalent) a patent for his invention of Pierre Lalman received only in 1866, and in fact it is officially made him the first creator of a bicycle



In 1867, the English nizhener Edward Cowper designed the first successful design wheels strung with metal needles (before the spokes were made of wood and, consequently, fragile and short-lived)



In the 70 years someone had the idea to increase the front wheel of the bicycle saddle Lalmana and place almost on him, back the wheel at the same time has been reduced, making the already stupid design is even more unstable



A large number of injuries buyers motivated the creators of this miracle on adding a third rear-wheel drive, otherwise this bike was too dangerous to travel, though, judging by sales in Britain were many such brave =)



This bike came to be called "penny-farthing" - the second word has nothing to do with an English verb)) so-called two British coins, the size of which differed significantly, as the size of the wheels of a new bike)



Someone even thought of to make this here is an unusual model of a penny-farthing)



Chain transfer in the construction of a bicycle appeared in 1878, thanks to yet another Englishman, Lawson (a name, unfortunately, did not know). At the same time invented the first folding bicycle)



First bike, were like our usual means of transportation, appeared in 1884. It was equipped with a chain drive, almost the same wheels and a saddle located between them, closer to the rear wheel. The idea of ​​a safe design came up with yet another Englishman - John Starley. And he called his creation "Wanderer" (Rover). And yes, from that moment began to exist Rover company which carried out the bikes and then cars until April 15, 2005, when it was bankrupt



The first real inflatable rubber tires for bicycle appeared in 1888 through the efforts of a Scotsman John Dunlop (familiar name, is not it?)) It was after the invention of rubber tires on the bike was really comfortable ride, with no permanent tryasok to widespread off-road (oh yeah, we forgot that the road was not then too =)) In the 90s of the XIX century bicycles have gained enormous popularity, and the firm Dunlop secured a comfortable existence for many years to come - its popularity can be judged even by the fact that tires Dunlop even today is considered one of the best and the firm is one of the largest in the world! Below - actually himself, John Dunlop and his invention =)



It is worth noting that although the bikes at that time had already looked almost like a modern, made they were still out of the ordinary, vulnerable to corrosion of steel (stainless steel did not yet know how to cook), the more so that the frame is not painted. Therefore, every bike required meticulous care after each trip, and instructions on how to do it (cleaning, lubrication, washing gasoline or kerosene, etc.), held in 1895 as much as 4 pages)



In 1895 he invented the first recumbent bicycle - ligerad, and in 1914 the company Peugeot has begun volume production of their



In 1898, there was one improvement, without which it simply can not imagine how people traveled before - Brakes)) Originally it was a foot brake and the mechanism of free movement for not pedal when the bike is rolling. Around the same time there and hand brakes, but the popularity they have gained not at once. So look modern hydraulic disc brakes



The beginning of XX century was marked by the appearance of the first mechanism for switching speeds, but it was quite impractical - the rear wheel there are two stars, one on each side) Imagine that the switching speed should have been "only" to stop, remove the chain, loosen the rear wheel , turn again to tie and wear a chain))



Following the switching speed was invented in 1903 by "planetary gear". In short, it was based on the rotation of several small gears around a central "sun" gear. More deeply consider the planetary gear not see the point, except to say that on the basis of it was subsequently established automotive differential)



Familiar to us bicycle shifting system appeared only in 1950 through the efforts of well-known and popular at the time of Italian cyclist Tullio Campagnola



Since then, bicycle, in principle, has fully adopted the familiar for all of us face. After this change were already nekardinalnymi, mostly on lighter materials for the frame (in 1974 began mass bike sales of titanium in the 1975m - CFRP) and alternative mechanisms for switching speeds (for example, the introduction of the index gear system in the early 90s)



It is clear that the popularity of bike faded with the advent of cars, the first time cyclists considered one of the main hindrances in the way, but in the '40s in the U.S. bikes and toys for children considered at all, but, oddly enough, from the late 60s, this two-wheeled form of transport again began to gain popularity, mainly due to the popularization of the developed countries of healthy lifestyles and environmental awareness of humanity



The popularity of cycling today, says even the abundance of special parking spaces in European cities. For example, a three-story bike parking in Amsterdam =)



A couple of interesting facts about the bike:

- Currently there are about 15 kinds of bikes for different needs and conditions of use;
- The "cycle" country in Europe is Denmark, where the average resident drives a year, almost 900 miles on a bicycle;
- In many European cities bicycles can be rented directly at the train station, and in Copenhagen and some other cities they are generally given rent free, and at any time (the probability of "stealing" leveled by a peculiar coloring);
- Amsterdam has a special hotel for cyclists with their own bike shop and program cycling trips;
- 95% of all bicycles manufactured in China - largely due to the fact that most veloproizvoditeley shifted production in this vast country with cheap labor;
- A speed record on a bicycle is 268.83 mph and was set by Fred Rompelbergom from the Netherlands on Bonneville salt flats in the United States, Utah - to establish a record Dutchman "helped" riding ahead of a racing car, "cutting through" the cyclist airflow;
- The world's largest bicycle - Frankensaykl, whose height is 3.40 meters, and wheel diameter - 3.05 meters - was built by Californian Dave Moore in 1989;
- The world's largest tricycle "Dillon Colossal" also collected Dave Moore in 1994) diameter rear wheel is 3.35 meters, and the front - 1,77 m;
- The longest bicycle appeared in 1988 in New Zealand through the efforts of Terry Tessman - 22.24-meter-long bike was designed for 4 people, and weighed 340 pounds;
- And yet there are kooks and more fun by Dave Moore and Terry Tessman) I'm talking about Aussie Neville Patten, brought together in 1988, the world's smallest bicycle, wheel diameter which is only 1.9 cm! I do not know how, but he passed on his creation more than 4 meters))))
- Another minimalist, Swede Peter Rosenthal in 1996, has collected the world's smallest unicycle height of 20 centimeters and a diameter of 1.8 cm wheels! The Swede also passed on his "miracle" of 4 meters)) seems about the practicality of his inventions, neither he nor any other of the above extraordinary personalities did not think =)



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